The Indo–Lanka Bridge | A Sri Lankan Perspective On Promise and Risk

The long-debated proposal to construct a physical bridge between India and Sri Lanka, connecting Dhanushkodi in India’s Tamil Nadu with Talaimannar in Sri Lanka’s Northern Province, continues to resurface in media, policy discussions and public debate. Whether envisioned as a road bridge or rail link across the Palk Strait, it represents not only an engineering milestone but also a potential shift in regional dynamics

From Sri Lanka’s point of view, this project offers both significant opportunities and serious challenges. Let’s discuss the potential implications for the island nation.

Potential Advantages for Sri Lanka

1. Enhanced Trade and Regional Integration

A direct land connection with India could significantly lower transport costs, reduce logistical delays and create easier access for exports and imports. Sectors such as agriculture, textiles and fisheries could benefit through tighter integration into South Asian supply chains.

Moreover, SMEs and informal businesses in Sri Lanka could access broader markets.

2. Tourism Boost

With India already being Sri Lanka’s largest source of tourists, contributing over 400,000 arrivals in 2024, a proposed land bridge could significantly boost inbound travel. Easier access could promote the Sri Lanka's tourism sector while also enabling more Sri Lankans to explore India.

3. Regional Connectivity and Infrastructure Growth

India’s “Neighborhood First” policy promotes connectivity with its immediate neighbours. If managed well, Sri Lanka could become a transit hotspot between the Indian subcontinent and the rest of the Indian Ocean, enhancing its geostrategic value.

4. Development in the North & East

Regions like the Northern and Eastern Provinces, often left behind in national development efforts, could benefit from new infrastructure, job creation and potential investment in logistics, customs and transport services.

5. Reviving Historical and Cultural Ties

Sri Lanka and India share deep historical, religious and linguistic links. A bridge could encourage greater people-to-people contact, cultural cooperation and cross-border learning.

Concerns and Risks for Sri Lanka

1. Border Security and Illegal Activity

While improved access may support trade and travel, it also raises key security concerns. A land link could increase smuggling of narcotics, weapons and endangered species, along with risks of illegal migration and extremist infiltration. Strong border controls and clear bilateral protocols would be essential to protect Sri Lanka’s security.

2. Sovereignty and National Identity

Many Sri Lankans are cautious about the potential loss of national identity. A permanent physical connection to India may heighten concerns over political and economic influence and reduced control over borders. These sensitivities must be addressed through public dialogue and diplomatic assurances.

3. Environmental and Cultural Impacts

The proposed route crosses the ecologically fragile Palk Strait and religiously significant areas like Ram-Setu (Adam’s Bridge). Construction may disrupt fisheries, harm biodiversity and face opposition from cultural and religious groups. Environmental assessments and community consultation are crucial before proceeding.

4. Imbalanced Economic Outcomes

Without safeguards, Sri Lankan industries could struggle to compete with Indian exporters, increasing dependency and threatening local businesses. Economic benefits might also be concentrated in certain regions. Policies should support domestic enterprises, ensure fair trade and promote balanced regional development.

5. Cultural and Social Pressures

Easier movement could lead to cultural dilution, overcrowding and pressure on public services in Sri Lanka. While new opportunities may emerge, potential social impacts and local concerns must be carefully managed to maintain harmony.

Strategic Vision Over Quick Decisions

For Sri Lanka, the proposed bridge should not be seen simply as a physical infrastructure venture, but as a complex strategic choice with far-reaching consequences. Moving forward would require strong bilateral trust between the two nations, clearly defined protocols for managing borders and a firm commitment to environmental sustainability. Most importantly, all the voices of local communities must be heard through meaningful public consultation. Only a carefully planned, inclusive and balanced approach can ensure that national interests are protected while exploring the potential of greater regional connectivity.

Final Thoughts

A bridge between India and Sri Lanka has the potential to transform regional connectivity but it must be built on the pillars of sovereignty, sustainability and mutual respect.

For Sri Lanka, this isn’t just about closing the geographical gap, it’s about defining how we navigate the future in a world of competing powers and shared challenges. Connectivity must uplift and empower but not compromise a nation’s integrity.

By Chandima Wanniarachchi | Global Dispatch